ACCOUNT KYA HAI ? ACCOUNT KITNE TARAH KE HOTE HAI.

 Account?

1. Account the art of recording, classifying and summering, in a significant manner and in term of money transaction and events which are, in part at least.

2. The process of identifying, measuring records and communicating the required information relating to the economic event of an organizat3ion.

3. Accounting is a comprehensive system to collected analyses and communication financial information.

Transaction:-

Transaction is a process in hi exchange need between two person is called transaction.

Supplier:-

A person who sell goods and service for cash on credit is called supplier.

Customer:-

A person who purchases goods and service for cash or on credit is called customer.

Basic of accounting:-

There are two type of accounting.

1. Personal account

2. impersonal account

Personal account:- Those account related to person institution and individual person is called  person account.

There are three types of personal account:-

  Natural personal account ()

  Artificial personal account ()

  Representative personal account ()

Natural personal account:-  

Those account related to person is called natural account. as:- only names.

 

Artificial personal account:- 

those account relate to institution, form, school, hospital, companies, firms, bank etc. is called artificial a/c.

Representative personal account:- 

 Those a/c represented a certain person is called representative a/c.

Impersonal account:- 

Those a/c relate to goods, cash, assets, profit and loss & expenditure are called impersonal a/c.

 

Those are two type of impersonal account .

1. Real account.

2. Nominal account.

1. Real account:-  Those account related to assets like as goods, cash and assets, is called real account.

Those ate two types of real account

a. Tangible assets:- Those assets we can touch, feel and seen are called tangible assets. as:- computer, furniture, telephone, van etc.

b. Intangible assets:- Those account assets we can’t touch, feel and seen are called intangible  assets. as:-  goodwill.

2. Nominal accounts:-  Those account related to income, profit and loss & expenditure are called nominal account. as:- rent paid, commission received.

Golden rule:- 

 

Real a/c :- cash, building, company, furniture.

Personal a/c: – bank, supplier, customers, lenders, ram, shyam any name.

Nominal a/c :- sales, cost of goods sold salary, expenses, drawings, wages, commissions.

Purchase always debit side & Purchase return always credit side.

Rules of debit and credit

All account are divided into five categories of the purpose of recording transaction.

a. Assets.

b. Liabilities.

c. Capital.

d. Expenses and losses.

e. Income and gains.

For assets:-

              Debit = increase in assets.

                            increase in expenses(losses).

Purchase book of Rs. 200/- by cheque bank charge of Rs. 500/- in cash.

              Credit = decrease in assets. 

                             decrease in expenses(losses).

Goods return of Rs. 200/- paid by cheque.

Liabilities:- For capital and revenue.

              Debit :- increase in liabilities.

                           increase in capital, decrease in revenue (gains).

Cash rent paid for previous months of Rs.8000/- and withdrew Rs. 6000/- cash for personal use.

             Credit :- decrease in liabilities.

                           decrease in capital, increase in revenue (gains).

Purchase machine from Kundan traders of Rs. 20000/- on credit .

Ledger:-

“A ledger is the book in with all the account are maintained.”

“Ledger is the principal book of the accounting system, it is defined as a book of a final entry containing all the account of a business, or all the account of a particular type in a ledger, the transaction  of the same nature are classified and grouped together in one place in the form of account.”

Need for ledger:-

  “A well maintained accounting system has a significant role in that growth of an organization, the ledger, as a record of the transaction, assumed great importance in the process, the net result of all transaction.”

To create a new ledger ALT+C on accounting voucher.

Item of voucher:-

Dr.= Debit=(nsunkj)

Dr. is the debit side of the account is the left side.

Cr.=Credit=(ysunkj)

Cr. is the credit side of the account is the right side.

Particular:-

Name of the item with reference to the original book of entry is written is debit/credit side at the account.

Amount:- 

It records the amount numerical figures corresponding to what has been entered in the amount.

Date:- 

Year, Month, Date of transaction are pasted in chronological, order in this column.

There are two types of expenditure:-

a. Capital expenditure

b. Revenue expenditure

A. Those expenditure give us long term, benefits is called capital expenditure.

B. Revenue expenditure gives us short term benefit is called revenue expenditure.

Groups

A group is a collecting of ledger which have similar transaction. 

Note:- there are 28 groups on the based of accounting principle.

Primary group- 15

Sub-group-13

Out of the 15 Primary group.

9 group, appear  in the balance sheet, which are in capital nature.

6 group, appear in the profit and loss account which are revenue nature.

Group once again, at a glance.

The concept of group is the heart of accounting in the tally, This choice act classification or sub-classify all account in tally.

Pre-defined groups:-

Based around the requirement of the India system of accounting of tally provided a set of 28 Pre-defined groups. You can use these groups start away for classification at  ledger with out creating new groups of these  28 pre-defined groups. 15 are primary and  13 are secondary groups.

Capital account:- This is primary group. It is use to hold the reserve of company or investment of money for company. As:- Partners capital a/c, share capital a/c, properties a/c, drawings a/c.

(ftlds }kjk dEiuh esa iqWath yxk;k tkrk gS] mls capital account dgrs gSa vkSj dksbZ Hkh company lcls igys daiuh [kksyk ;k pykus ds fy;s mlesa iwwWath yxkrk gSaA tc dEiuh esa fdlh ds }kjk iSlk yxkrk gS rks og dEiuh ds fy;s ikuk gksrk gSA vr% bldk entry ge ges’kk receipt voucher esa djrs gSaA

Current assets:- Current assets are hold on short form basis such as debtors bills receivable stock temporary marketable securities, cash  and bank balance.

As:- computer, furniture ,telephone and etc.

oSlh lEifr ftls ge current preold  esa exchange djrs gSa mls current assets dgrs gSaA

Current Assets Has Six Groups.

A. Bank Account 

B. Cash In Hand

C. Loans And Advances

D. Stock In Hand(

E. Deposit Assets

A. bank a/c:- It is use to hold current saving and all other total bank a/c As:-  LIC policy.

(og iSlk ftls ge lqjf{kr j[krs gSa vkSj ml ls gesa interest feyrk gS og gekjs fy, cSd gksrk gSA

B. Cash in hand:- It is use to hold we have money and our cash.

  (og jksdM+  gekjs ikl gksrh gS mls ge cash in hand dgrs gSaA)

C.  Deposit assets:-It is use to hold deposit like security deposit rental deposit and all other such deposit.

(oSlh lEifr ftls ge igys pay dj nsrs gSa vkSj ckn esa tkdj maintain gksrk gSA mls ge deposit assets esa j[krs gSa As.:-Rental and any assets for purchase period.)

D. Loans and advancs:- It is use to hold all advance and loan of non trading nature. For ex. advance against salaries work contraact or even purchase of assets.

(daiuh dk }kjk fdlh vkSj ledger ds cnys advance iSlk fn;k tk, rks oks Loans and advance esa tkrk gSA) As:- staffe dks salary a/c ds cnys advance fn;k tkrk gSA ;gkWa sttafe dk uke] ladger cuk,axs rks loan and advance esa cusxkA)

E. Stock in hand:- It is use to hold opening and closing of certain special a/c. Account like row materials, work in progress, finished goods. 

(gekjs stock dks tks maintain djs og stock in hand dgykrk gSA)

F. Sundry debtors:- It is use to hold account of company and individuals which give goods on credit to the company.

(dEiuh ftlls m/kkj eky csprh gS mudk uke sundry debtors gSA)

3. Current liabilities:-  This is primary group and it is used to hold outstanding and ledger liabilities of the company there fore liabilities like as:- E.P.F.( Provident funds), TDS, VAT, INCOME Tax etc.

(oSlh nsunkjh tks current period esa gh ns nsuk gks] current liabilities dgykrk gSA tSls%& payble vat, EPF etc.)

This groups has three sub-group.

A. Duties and taxes

B. Provision

C. Sundry creditors. 

A. Duties and taxes :- Which keeps track of tread duties and taxes like as:- Local sales tax, state tax cental, sale input, output etc.

(,slk leagal dtZ tks tax ls including fd;k x;k gks vkSj current period dk gks mls current period esa gks nsuk gks mls duties and taxes dgrs gSaA As :-production ij yxus okyk dj exice duty dgykrk gSA